Glossary of Judo terminology

Rules violations and points

Kodokan rules

[Shido (Instruction / Light penalty)]

Called in response to a minor rules violation.

[Chui (Light penalty)]

Called in response to a slightly more serious rules violation, or when a contestant has already drawn a "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) or "Chui" (Light penalty).

[Keikoku (Warning)]

Called in response to a serious rules violation, when a contestant draws a "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) or "Chui" (Light penalty) after having already drawn a "Chui" (Light penalty). This penalty is equivalent to the opponent scoring a "Waza-ari".

[Hansoku-make (Defeat by grave infringement or accumulated light penalties)]

Called in response to a very serious rules violation, or when a contestant commits another rules violation after having already drawn a "Keikoku" (Warning). This penalty is equivalent to the opponent scoring an "Ippon gachi" (Win by ippon) win.

IJF rules

[Shido (Instruction / Light penalty)]

Called in response to a minor rules violation.

• "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) x 1 = "Koka" (Effect / Minor score)
• "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) x 2 = "Yuko" (Effective / Moderate advantage)
• "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) x 3 = "Waza-ari"
• "Shido" (Instruction / Light penalty) x 4 = "Hansoku-make" (Defeat by grave infringement or accumulated light penalties) = "Ippon gachi" (Win by ippon)

[Hansoku-make (Defeat by grave infringement or accumulated light penalties)]

Called in response to a very serious rules violation.